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The James Hutton Institute
This page is no longer updated. The Macaulay Land Use Research Institute joined forces with SCRI joined forces on 1 April 2011 to create The James Hutton Institute.
This page has been mothballed.
It is no longer being updated but we've left it here for reference.
The Shafer score
The Shafer method is a landscape preference model which uses perimeter and area measurements of certain landscape features. The model predicts how people will score photographs of natural landscapes. The model's terms include those features that are important in a landscape's aesthetic appeal, and also uses the relative proportions of the landscape features and the contrast between them. The textural variation within the landscape, giving the sense of depth in a view, is also taken into consideration. One of the main advantages of this model is the use of second-order terms that describe interrelated and interlocking elements of the landscape.
| Preference Y = 184.8 - aX1 - bX2 + c(X1.X2) + d(X1.X4) - e(X3.X5) + f(X2.X6) - g(X4.X6) - h(X4.X5) + j(X1.X1) + k(X5.X5) |
Where
| X1 = perimeter of immediate vegetation | X4 = area of intermediate vegetation |
| X2 = perimeter of intermediate nonvegetation | X5 = area of water |
| X3 = perimeter of distant vegetation | X6 = area of distant nonvegetation |
And
| a = 0.5436 | d = 0.0005538 | g = 0.0008441 | j = 0.0006666 |
| b = 0.09298 | e = 0.002596 | h = 0.0004131 | k = 0.0001327 |
| c = 0.002069 | f = 0.001634 |
The Wind Turbine Score
To calcuate the effect of wind turbines on the landscape preference level, the following equation is used:
| Preference Z = 170.49 - 0.63Y - 47.38(ln(T+1)) + 4.54(T) |
Where
| Y = Shafer score |
| T = number of turbines in the view |
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Updated: 23 January 2024
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