References from the Literature Review

Landscape Evaluation

Abello, R.P., Bernaldez, F.G. and Galiano, E.F. (1986) Consensus and contrast components in landscape preference. Environment and Behaviour, 18, 155-176.

Amir, S. and Gidalizon, E. (1990) Expert based Method for the Evaluation of Visual Absorption Capacity of the Landscape. Journal of Environmental Management, 30, 251-163.

Anderson, L.M., Mulligan, B.E., Goodman, L.S. and Regen, H.Z. (1983) Effects of sounds on preferences for outdoor settings. Environment and Behaviour, 15, 539-566.

Appleton, J. (1975) Landscape evaluation: the theoretical vacuum. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, no 66, 120-123.

Arthur, L.M. (1977) Predicting scenic beauty of forest environments: some empirical tests. Forest Science, 23, 151-160.

Arthur, L.M., Daniel, T.C. and Boster, R.S. (1977) Scenic assessment: an overview. Landscape Planning, 4, 109-129.

Bergin, J. and Price, C. (1994) The travel cost method and landscape quality. Landscape Research, 19, 21-23.

Bishop, I.D and Hulse, D.W. (1994) Prediction of scenic beauty using mapped data and geographic information systems. Landscape and Urban Planning, 30, 59-70.

Briggs, D.J. and France, J. (1980) Landscape Evaluation: A comparative study. Journal of Environmental Management, 10, 263-275.

Brush, R.O. (1981) Landform and scenic preference: a research note. Landscape Planning, 8, 301-306.

Brush, R.O. and Shafer, E.L. (1975) Application of a Landscape-Preference Model to Land Management. In Landscape Assessment: Values, Perceptions and Resources (eds. Zube, E.H., Brush, R.O. and Fabos, J.G.), p168-181, Halstead Press, Pennsylvania.

Buhyoff, G.J. and Riesenmann, M.F. (1979) Experimental manipulation of dimensionality in landscape preference judgements: a quantitative validation. Leisure Sciences, 2, 221-238.

Buhyoff, G.J. and Wellman, J.D. (1980) The specification of a non-linear psychophysical function for visual landscape dimensions. Journal of Leisure Research, 12, 257-262.

Buhyoff, G.J., Miller, P.A., Roach, J.W., Zhou, D. and Fuller, L.G. (1994) An AI Methodology for Landscape Visual Assessments. AI Applications, 8, 1 - 13.

Buhyoff, G.J., Miller, P.A., Hull, R.B. and Schlagel, D.H. (1995) Another look at expert visual assessment: validity and reliability. AI Applications, 9, 112-120.

Calvin, J.S., Dearinger, J.A. and Curtin, M.E. (1972) An attempt at assessing preferences for natural landscapes. Environment and Behaviour, 4, 447-470.

Carls, E.G. (1974) The effects of people and man-induced conditions on preferences for outdoor recreational landscapes. Journal of Leisure Research, 6, 113-124.

Cooper, A and Murray, R. (1992) A structured method of landscape assessment and countryside management. Applied Geography, 12, 319-338.

Craik, K.H. (1972) Psychological factors in landscape appraisal. Environment and Behaviour, 4, 255-266.

Crofts, R.S. (1975) The landscape component approach to landscape evaluation. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, no 66, 124-129.

Crofts, R.S. and Cooke, R.U. (1974) Landscape Evaluation: A comparison of techniques. Occasional Papers, no 25, Department of Geography, University College London.

Daniel, T.C. and Vining, J. (1983) Methodological Issues in the Assessment of Landscape Quality. In Behaviour and the Natural Environment (eds. Altman, I. and Wohwill, J.),Chapter 2, 39-83, Plenum Press.

Dearden, P. (1980) A Statistical Technique for the Evaluation of the Visual Quality of the Landscape for Land-use Planning Purposes. Journal of Environmental Management, 10, 51 - 68.

Dearden, P. (1985) Philosophy, theory, and method in landscape evaluation. Canadian Geographer, 29, 263-265.

Dunn, M.C. (1976) Landscape with photographs: testing the preference approach to landscape evaluation. Journal of Environmental Management, 4, 15-26.

Eleftheriadis, N. and Tsalikidis, I. (1990) Coastal pine forest landscapes: modelling scenic beauty for forest management. Journal of Environmental Management, 30, 47-62.

Hadrian, D.R., Bishop, I.D. and Mitcheltree, R. (1988) Automated mapping of visual impacts in utility corridors. Landscape and Urban Planning, 16, 261-282.

Hamill, L. (1985) On the persistence of error in scholarly communication: the case of landscape aesthetics. Canadian Geographer, 29, 270-273.

Hammitt, W.E., Patterson, M.E. and Noe, F.P. (1994) Identifying and predicting visual preference of southern Appalachian forest recreation vistas. Landscape and Urban Planning, 29, 171-183.

Hull, R.B. and Revell, G.R.B. (1989) Issues in sampling landscapes for visual quality assessments. Landscape and Urban Planning, 17, 323-330.

Hull, R.B. and Stewart, W.P. (1992) Validity of photo-based scenic beauty judgements. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 12, 101-114.

Jacques, D.L. (1980) Landscape Appraisal: The Case for a Subjective Theory. Journal of Environmental Management, 10, 107-113.

Kaplan, R., Kaplan, S. and Brown, T. (1989) Environmental preference: a comparison of four domains of predictors. Environment and Behaviour, 21, 509-530.

Land Use Consultants (1971) A Planning Classification of Scottish Landscape Resources. Countryside Commission for Scotland, Occasional paper no1, Vol 2.

Linton, D.L. (1968) The assessment of scenery as a Natural Resource. Scottish Geographical Magazine, 84, 219 - 238.

NIJOS (1995) Landscape Inventory.

Orland, B., Weidemann, E., Larsen, L. and Radja, P. (1995) Exploring the relationship between visual complexity and perceived beauty. Imaging Systems Laboratory, Department of Landscape Architecture, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Internet page: http://imlab9.landarch.uiuc.edu/projects/compleximages/complexity.html.

Palmer, J.F. (1983) Visual Quality and Visual Impact Assessment. In Social Impact Assessment Methods (eds. Finsterbusch, K., Llewellyn, L.G. and Wolf, C.P.), Chap 13, p268-283, Sage Publications.

Patsfall, M.R., Feimer, N.R., Buhyoff, G.J. and Wellman, J.D. (1984) The prediction of scenic beauty from landscape content and composition. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 4, 7-26.

Price, C. (1994) Appendix: Literature Review. Landscape Research, 19, 38-42.

Propst, D.B. and Buhyoff, G.J. (1980) Policy capturing and landscape preference quantification. Journal of Environmental Management, 11, 45-59.

Ramos, A. and Aguilo, M. (1988) The landscape of water: introduction. Landscape and Urban Planning, 16, 1-11.

Schroeder, H.W. and Brown, T.C. (1983) Alternative functional forms for an inventory-based landscape perception model. Journal of Leisure Research, 15, 156-163.

Schroeder, H. and Daniel, T.C. (1981) Progress in Predicting the Perceived Scenic Beauty of Forest Landscapes. Forest Science, 27, 71 - 80.

Shafer, E.L. and Brush, R.O. (1977) How to measure preferences for photographs of natural landscapes. Landscape Planning, 4, 237-256.

Shafer, E.L. and Tooby, M. (1973) Landscape preferences: an international replication. Journal of Leisure Research, 5, 60-65.

Shafer, E.L., Hamilton, J.F. and Schmidt, E.A. (1969) Natural landscape preferences: a predictive model. Journal of Leisure Research, 1, 1-19.

Shuttleworth, S. (1980a) The Use of Photographs as an Environmental Presentation Medium in Landscape Studies. Journal of Environmental Management, 11, 61-76.

Shuttleworth, S. (1980b) The Evaluation of Landscape Quality. Landscape Research, 5, 14 - 20.

Steinitz, C. (1990) Toward a sustainable landscape with high visual preference and high ecological integrity: the Loop Road in Acadia National Park, USA. Landscape and Urban Planning, 19, 213-250.

Tips, W.E.J. (1984) A Review of Landscape Evaluation in Belgium and Some Implications for Future Research. Journal of Environmental Management, 18, 57 - 71.

Unwin, K.I. (1975) The relationship of observer and landscape in landscape evaluation. In Transactions of the Institue of British Geographers, no.66, 130-133.

Wade, G. (1982) The relationship between landscape preference and looking time: a methodological investigation. Journal of Leisure Research, 14, 217-222.

Willis, K.G. and Garod, G.D. (1993) Valuing Landscape: a Contingent Valuation Approach. Journal of Environmental Management, 37, 1-22.

Landscape Perception and Preference

Abello, R.P., Bernaldez, F.G. and Galiano, E.F. (1986) Consensus and contrast components in landscape preference. Environment and Behaviour, 18, 155-176.

Anderson, L.M. (1981) Land use designations affect perception of scenic beauty in forested landscapes. Forest Science, 27, 392-400.

Anderson, L.M., Mulligan, B.E., Goodman, L.S. and Regen, H.Z. (1983) Effects of sounds on preferences for outdoor settings. Environment and Behaviour, 15, 539-566.

Baldwin, J., Fisher, P., Wood, J. and Langford, M. (1996) Modelling Environmental Cognition of the View with GIS. Third International Conference/Workshop on Integrating GIS and Environmental Modeling, Santa Fe, New Mexico, January 1996.

Balling, J.D. and Falk, J.H. (1982) Development of visual preference for natural environments. Environment and Behaviour, 14, 5-28.

Bernaldez, F.G., Gallardo, D. and Abello, R.P. (1987) Children's landscape preferences: from rejection to attraction. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 7, 169-176.

Bishop, I.D. and Karadagli, C. (1996) Combining GIS based environmental modeling and Visualisation: another window in the modeling process. Third International Conference/Workshop on Integrating GIS and Environmental Modeling, Santa Fe, New Mexico, January 1996.

Buhyoff, G.J., Wellman, J.D., Harvey, H. and Fraser, R.A. (1978) Landscape architect's interpretations of people's landscape preferences. Journal of Environmental Management, 6, 255-262.

Calvin, J.S., Dearinger, J.A. and Curtin, M.E. (1972) An attempt at assessing preferences for natural landscapes. Environment and Behaviour, 4, 447-470.

Chambers (1992) Chambers Maxi Paperback Dictionary. W and R Chambers Ltd.

Dearden, P. (1981b) Public participation and scenic quality analysis. Landscape Planning, 8, 3-19.

Dearden, P. (1987) Consensus and a Theoretical Framework for Landscape Evaluation. Journal of Environmental Management, 34, 267-278.

Dunn, M.C. (1976) Landscape with photographs: testing the preference approach to landscape evaluation. Journal of Environmental Management, 4, 15-26.

Fitzgibbon, J.E., Pomeroy, J. and Green, M.B. (1985) Personal construct theory: a basis for evaluation of landscape aesthetics. Canadian Geographer, 29, 267-270.

Glyptis, S. (1991) Countryside Recreation. Longman.

Gobster, P.H. and Chenoweth, R.E. (1989) The Dimension of Aesthetic Preference: a Quantitative Analysis. Journal of Environmental Management, 29, 47-72.

Harvey, R. (1995) Eliciting and mapping the attributes of landscape perception: An integration of Personal Construct Theory (PCT) with Geographic Information Systems (GIS). PhD Thesis, Dept. of Landscape Architecture, Heriot-Watt University.

Hetherington, J., Daniel, T.C. and Brown, T.C. (1993) Is motion more important than it sounds?: the medium of presentation in environmental research. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 13, 283-291.

Hughes, R. (1995) Personal communication. Landscape and Restoration Branch, Scottish Natural Heritage, Edinburgh.

Hull, R.B. and Buhyoff, G.J. (1983) Distance and scenic beauty: a nonmonotonic relationship. Environment and Behaviour, 15, 77-91.

Hull, R.B. and Stewart, W.P. (1995) The landscape encountered and experienced while hiking. Environment and Behaviour, 27, 404-426.

Hyde, W.W. (1915) The ancient appreciation of mountain scenery. Classical Journal, 11, 70-84.

Killeen, K. and Buhyoff, G. (1983) The Relation of Landscape Preference to Abstract Topography. Journal of Environmental Management, 17, 381-392.

Kliskey, A.D. and Kearsley, G.W. (1993) Mapping multiple perceptions of wilderness in Southern New Zealand. Applied Geography, 13, 203-223.

Kroh, D.P. and Gimblett, R.H. (1992) Comparing live experience with pictures in articulating landscape preference. Landscape Research, 17, 58-69.

Land Use Consultants (1971) A Planning Classification of Scottish Landscape Resources. Countryside Commission for Scotland, Occasional paper no 1, Vol 2.

Lynch, J.A. and Gimblett, R.H. (1992) Perceptual values in the cultural landscape: A computer model for assessing and mapping perceived mystery in rural environments. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 16, 453-471.

Lyons, E. (1983) Demographic correlates of landscape preference. Environment and Behaviour, 15, 487-511.

Nasar, J.L., Julian, D., Buchman, S., Humphreys, D. and Mrohaly, M. (1983) The emotional quality of scenes and observation points: a look at prospect and refuge. Landscape Planning, 10, 355-361.

Nassauer, J.I. (1983) Framing the Landscape in Photographic Simulation. Journal of Environmental Management, 17, 1-16.

Oh, K. (1994) A perceptual evaluation of computer-based landscape simulations. Landscape and Urban Planning, 28, 201-216.

Orland, B., Weidemann, E., Larsen, L. and Radja, P. (1995) Exploring the Relationship between Visual Complexity and Perceived Beauty. Imaging Systems Laboratory, Department of Landscape Architecture, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.

WWW page: http://imlab9.landarch.uiuc.edu/projects/compleximages/complexity.html

Penning-Rowsell, E.C. (1982) A public preference evaluation of landscape quality. Regional Studies, 16, 97-112.

Pocock, D.C.D. (1982) The view from the bridge: experience and recall of landscape. Occasional Paper (new series) no 17, Dept of Geography, Univ of Durham.

Purcell, A.T. (1992) Abstract and specific physical attributes and the experience of landscape. Journal of Environmental Management, 34, 159-177.

Ribe, R.G. (1982) On the possibility of quantifying scenic beauty - a response. Landscape Planning, 9, 61-75.

Schroeder, H. and Daniel, T.C. (1981) Progress in Predicting the Perceived Scenic Beauty of Forest Landscapes. Forest Science, 27, 71 - 80.

Schutte, N.S. and Malouff, J.M. (1986) Preference for complexity in natural landscape scenes. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 63, 109-110.

Shafer, E.L. and Brush, R.O. (1977) How to measure preferences for photographs of natural landscapes. Landscape Planning, 4, 237-256.

Shafer, E.L., Hamilton, J.F. and Schmidt, E.A. (1969) Natural landscape preferences: a predictive model. Journal of Leisure Research, 1, 1-19.

Shuttleworth, S. (1980a) The Use of Photographs as an Environmental Presentation Medium in Landscape Studies. Journal of Environmental Management, 11, 61-76.

Stamps, A.E. (1990) Use of photographs to simulate environments: a meta-analysis. Perceptual and Motor Skill, 71, 907-913.

Stamps, A.E. (1992) Perceptual and preferential effects of photomontage simulations of environments. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 74, 675-688.

Stamps, A.E. (1993) Simulation Effects of Environmental Preference. Journal of Environmental Management, 38, 115-132.

Steinitz, C. (1990) Toward a sustainable landscape with high visual preference and high ecological integrity: the Loop Road in Acadia National Park, USA. Landscape and Urban Planning, 19, 213-250.

Thayer, R.L., Hodgson, R.W., Gustke, L.D., Atwood, B.G. and Holmes, J. (1976) Validation of a natural landscape preference model as a predictor of perceived landscape beauty in photographs. Journal of Leisure Research, 8, 292-299.

Tips, W.E.J. and Savasdisara, T. (1986) Landscape Preference Evaluation and the Level of Abstraction of Landscape Presentation Media. Journal of Environmental Management, 22, 203-213.

Ulrich, R.S. (1977) Visual landscape preference: a model and application. Man-Environment Systems, 7, 279-293.

Ulrich, R.S. (1986) Human responses to vegetation and landscapes. Landscape and Urban Planning, 13, 29-44.

Wade, G. (1982) The relationship between landscape preference and looking time: a methodological investigation. Journal of Leisure Research, 14, 217-222.

Wellman, J.D. and Buhyoff, G.J. (1980) Effects of Regional Familiarity on Landscape Preferences. Journal of Environmental Management, 11, 105-110.

Wherrett, J.R. (1994) A study of recreation at Loch an Eilein, Rothiemurchus. M.Sc. Thesis, University College of North Wales, Bangor.

Zube, E.H. and Pitt, D.G. (1981) Cross-cultural perceptions of scenic and heritage landscapes. Landscape Planning, 8, 69-87.

Zube, E.H., Sell, J.L. and Taylor, J.G. (1982) Landscape perception: research, application and theory. Landscape Planning, 9, 1-33.

Visualisation Techniques

Aono, M. and Kunii, T.L. (1984) Botanical Tree Image Generation. IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, 4, 10-34.

Aylward, G. and Turnbull, M. (1977) Visual analysis: a computer-aided approach to determine visibility. Computer-Aided Design, 9, 103-108.

Bishop, I.D. and Hull, R.B. (1991) Integrating technologies for visual resource management. Journal of Environmental Management, 32, 295-312.

Bishop, I.D. and Leahy, P.N.A. (1989) Assessing the Visual Impact of Development Proposals: The Validity of Computer Simulations. Landscape Journal, 8 92-100.

Buttenfield, B.P. and Ganter, J.H. (1990) Visualisation and GIS: What should we see? What night we miss? In Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Spatial Data Handling, Vol 1, 307-316.

Daniel, T.C. (1992) Data Visualisation for decision support in environmental management. Landscape and Urban Planning, 21, 261-263.

Ervin, S.M. (1993) Landscape Visualisation with Emaps. IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, 13, 28-33.

Evans, J.A. (1993) Simulation of realistic landscapes. Mapping Awareness and GIS in Europe, 7, 36-40.

Faust, N.L. (1995) The virtual reality of GIS. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 22, 257-268.

Fisher, P., Dykes, J. and Wood, J. (1993) Map design and Visualisation. The Cartographic Journal, 30, 136-142.

Graf, K.Ch., Suter, M., Hagger, J., Meier, E., Meuret, P. and Nuesch, D. (1994) Perspective terrain Visualisation - a fusion of remote sensing, GIS and computer graphics. Computers and Graphics, 18, 795-802.

Gross, M. (1991) The analysis of visibility - environmental interactions between computer graphics, physics, and physiology. Computers and Graphics, 15, 407-415.

Imaging Systems Laboratory (1995) SmartForest: An Interactive Forest Data Modelling and Visualisation Tool. Department of Landscape Architecture, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.

Kennie, T.J.M. and McLaren, R.A. (1988) Modelling for digital terrain and landscape Visualisation. Photogrammetric Record, 12, 711 - 745.

Loh, D.K., Holtfrerich, D.R., Choo, Y.K. and Power, J.M. (1992) Techniques for incorporating Visualisation in environmental assessment: an object-oriented perspective. Landscape and Urban Planning, 21, 305-307.

Mayall, K. and Hall, G.B. (1994) Information Systems and 3-D Modeling in Landscape Visualisation. In Urban and Regional Information Systems Association Annual Conference Proceedings, Vol 1, 796-804.

Miller, G.S.P. (1986) The definition and rendering of terrain maps. ACM Computer Graphics, 20, 39-48.

Moore, R. (1990) Landscapes on Pluto: improving computer-aided Visualisation. The Cartographic Journal, 27, 132-136.

Nakamae, E. and Tadamura, K. (1995) Photorealism in computer graphics. Computers and Graphics, 19, 119-130.

Nakamae, E., Harada, K., Ishizaki, T. and Nishita, T. (1986) A montage method: the overlaying of the computer generated images onto a background photograph. ACM Computer Graphics, 20, 207-214.

Oh, K. (1994) A perceptual evaluation of computer-based landscape simulations. Landscape and Urban Planning, 28, 201-216.

Orland, B. (1992a) Data Visualisation Techniques in Environmental Management. Landscape and Urban Planning, 21, 237-244.

Orland, B. (1992b) Evaluating regional changes on the basis of local expectations: a Visualisation dilemma. Landscape and Urban Planning, 21, 257-259.

Orland, B. (1994) Visualisation techniques for incorporation in forest planning geographic information systems. Landscape and Urban Planning, 30, 83-97.

Orland, B. (19??) SmartForest: A 3-D Interactive Forest Visualisation and Analysis System. Unknown conference proceedings.

Orland, B. and Daniel, T.C. (1995) Impact of Proposed Water Withdrawls on the Perceived Scenic Beauty of Desert Springs and Wetlands: Image Generation. Imaging Systems Laboratory, Department of Landscape Architecture, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.

Perkins, N.H. (1992) Three questions on the use of photo-realistic simulations as real world surrogates. Landscape and Urban Planning, 21, 265-267.

Pukkala, T. and Kellomaki, S. (1988) Simulation as a tool in designing forest landscape. Landscape and Urban Planning, 16, 253-260.

Sasada, T.T. (1987) Drawing natural scenery by computer graphics. Computer-aided Design, 19, 212-218.

Shafer, E.L. and Brush, R.O. (1977) How to measure preferences for photographs of natural landscapes. Landscape Planning, 4, 237-256.

Smart, J., Mason, M. and Corrie, G. (1991) Assessing the Visual Impact of Development Plans. In GIS Applications in Natural Resources (eds Heit, M. and Shortreid, A.), GIS World Inc., 295-303.

Zewe, R. and Koglin, H.-J. (1995) A method for the visual assessment of overhead lines. Computers and Graphics, 19, 97-108.

Visual Impact Assessment

Amir, S. and Gidalizon, E. (1990) Expert based Method for the Evaluation of Visual Absorption Capacity of the Landscape. Journal of Environmental Management, 30, 251-163.

Aspinall, R.J. (1990) An Integrated Approach to Land Evaluation: Grampian Region. In Evaluation of Land Resources in Scotland (eds. Bibby, J.S. and Thomas, M.F.), p45 - 56, Macaulay Land Use Research Institute and the Royal Scottish Geographical Society.

Aylward, G. and Turnbull, M. (1977) Visual analysis: a computer-aided approach to determine visibility. Computer-Aided Design, 9, 103-108.

Bishop, I.D. and Hull, R.B. (1991) Integrating technologies for visual resource management. Journal of Environmental Management, 32, 295-312.

Ervin, S.M. (1992a) A hypermedia GIS: the Massachusetts Turnpike study. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 16, 375-383.

Ervin, S.M. (1993) Landscape Visualisation with Emaps. IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, 13, 28-33.

Fels, J.E. (1992) Viewshed simulation and analysis: an interactive approach. GIS World, July, 54-59.

Gauld, J.H., Bell, J.S., Towers, W. and Miller, D.R. (1991) The measurement and analysis of land cover changes in the Cairngorms. Report to the Scottish Office Environment Department and the Scottish Office Agriculture and Fisheries Department.

Hughes, R. (1995) Personal communication. Landscape and Restoration Branch, Scottish Natural Heritage, Edinburgh.

Hull, R.B. and Bishop, I.D. (1988) Scenic Impacts of Electricity Transmission Towers: The Influence of Landscape Type and Observer Distance. Journal of Environmental Management, 27, 99 - 108.

Kennie, T.J.M. and McLaren, R.A. (1988) Modelling for digital terrain and landscape Visualisation. Photogrammetric Record, 12, 711 - 745.

Lange, E. (1994) Integration of computerized visual simulation and visual assessment in environmental planning. Landscape and Urban Planning, 30, 99-112.

Miller, D.R. (1995) Categorization of terrain view. In Innovation in GIS2 (ed. Fisher, P.), chap 17, p215 - 221, Taylor and Francis.

Miller, D.R., Morrice, J.G., Horne, P.L. and Aspinall, R.J. (1994) The use of geographic information systems for analysis of scenery in the Cairngorm Mountains, Scotland. In Mountain Environments and Geographic Information Systems (eds. Price, M.F. and Heywood, D.I.), Chap 7, p119 - 131, Taylor and Francis.

Oh, K. (1994) A perceptual evaluation of computer-based landscape simulations. Landscape and Urban Planning, 28, 201-216.

Orland, B. (1992a) Data Visualisation Techniques in Environmental Management. Landscape and Urban Planning, 21, 237-244.

Orland, B. (1992b) Evaluating regional changes on the basis of local expectations: a Visualisation dilemma. Landscape and Urban Planning, 21, 257-259.

Orland, B. (1994) Visualisation techniques for incorporation in forest planning geographic information systems. Landscape and Urban Planning, 30, 83-97.

Orland, B. and Daniel, T.C. (1995) Impact of Proposed Water Withdrawls on the Perceived Scenic Beauty of Desert Springs and Wetlands: Image Generation. Imaging Systems Laboratory, Department of Landscape Architecture, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.

Price, C. (1994) M.Sc. Rural Resource Management Lecture Course: Landscape. University College of North Wales, Bangor.

Pukkala, T. and Kellomaki, S. (1988) Simulation as a tool in designing forest landscape. Landscape and Urban Planning, 16, 253-260.

Selman, P., Davidson, D., Watson, A. and Winterbottom, S. (1991) GIS in rural environmental planning. Town Planning Review, 62, 215-223.

Turnbull Jeffrey Partnership (1988) Visual impact assessment in the commercial forest: design and management process.

Zewe, R. and Koglin, H.-J. (1995) A method for the visual assessment of overhead lines. Computers and Graphics, 19, 97-108.

Decision Support Systems, Enviromental Models, Visualisation Systems and GIS

Angehrn, A.A. and Luthi, H-J. (1990) Intelligent Decision Support Systems: A Visual Interactive Approach. Interfaces, 20, 17-28.

Baldwin, J., Fisher, P., Wood, J. and Langford, M. (1996) Modelling Environmental Cognition of the View with GIS. Third International Conference/Workshop on Integrating GIS and Environmental Modeling, Santa Fe, New Mexico, January 1996.

Berger, P., Meysembourg, P., Sales, J. and Johnston, C. (1996) Towards a virtual reality interface for landscape Visualisation. Third International Conference/Workshop on Integrating GIS and Environmental Modeling, Santa Fe, New Mexico, January 1996.

Bishop, I.D. and Hull, R.B. (1991) Integrating technologies for visual resource management. Journal of Environmental Management, 32, 295-312.

Bishop, I.D. and Karadagli, C. (1996) Combining GIS based environmental modeling and Visualisation: another window in the modeling process. Third International Conference/Workshop on Integrating GIS and Environmental Modeling, Santa Fe, New Mexico, January 1996.

Camara, A.S., Mano, A.P., Martinho, M.G., Nunes, J.F., Lopes, T.C. and Cabeleira, A. (1986) An economic-ecological model for regional land-use planning. Ecological Modelling, 31, 293-302.

Church, R.L., Murray, A.T. and Barber, K. (1994a) Designing a Heierarchical Planning Model for USDA Forest Service Planning. Presented at Sixth Symposium on Systems Analysis and Management Decisions in Forestry, Pacific Grove, California.

Church, R.L., Murray, A.T., Figueroa, M.A., Ager, A.A., McGaughey, R.J. and Merzenich, J. (1994b) Artificial Landscape Visualisation of Ecosystem Management Plans. Submitted to AI Applications, June 1994.

Host, G.E., Rauscher, H.M. and Schmoldt, D. (1992) SYLVATICA: an integrated framework for forest landscape simulation. Landscape and Urban Planning, 21, 281-284.

Imaging Systems Laboratory (1995) SmartForest: An Interactive Forest Data Modelling and Visualisation Tool. Department of Landscape Architecture, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.

Kellomaki, S. and Pukkala, T. (1989) Forest Landscape: A Method of Amenity Evaluation based on Computer Simulation. Landscape and Urban Planning, 18, 117-125.

Kent, B., Bare, B.B., Field, R.C. and Bradley, G.A. (1991) Natural Resource Land Management Planning using Large-Scale Linear Programs: the USDA Forest Service experience with FORPLAN. Operations Research, 39, 13 - 27.

Kessell, S.R. (1990) An Australian geographic information and modelling system for natural area management. International Journal of Geographical Information Systems, 4, 333-362.

Kuiper, J., Ayers, A., Johnson, R. and Tolbert-Smith, M. (1996) Efficient data exchange: integrating a vector GIS with an object-oriented, 3-D Visualisation system. Third International Conference/Workshop on Integrating GIS and Environmental Modeling, Santa Fe, New Mexico, January 1996.

Liu, J. (1993) ECOLECON: An ECOLogical-ECONomic model for species conservation in complex forest ecosystems. Ecological Modelling, 70, 63-87.

Liu, J., Cubbage, F.W. and Pulliam, H.R. (1994) Ecological and economic effects of forest landscape structure and rotation length: simulation studies using ECOLECON. Ecological Economics, 10, 249-263.

Mayall, K. and Hall, G.B. (1994) Information Systems and 3-D Modeling in Landscape Visualisation. In Urban and Regional Information Systems Association Annual Conference Proceedings, Vol 1, 796-804.

Perestrello de Vasconcelos, M.J., Zeigler, B.P. and Graham, L.A. (1993) Modeling multi-scale ecological processes under the discrete event systems paradigm. Landscape Ecology, 8, 273-286.

Sol, H.G. (1983) Processes and tools for decision support: Inferences for future developments. In Processes and Tools for Decision Support, (ed. Sol, H.G.), North Holland, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, pp 1-6.

van Voris, P., Millard, W.D., Thomas, J. and Urban, D. (1993) TERRA-Vision - the integration of scientific analysis into the decision making process. International Journal of Geographic Information Systems, 7, 143-164.