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user_name |
Maria Vasconcelos
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user_organisation |
Centro Nacional de Informação Geográfica
Nucleo Florestal
Rua Braancammp nº82, 5ºEsq
1250 Lisboa
Portugal
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date |
2nd April 1997
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model_name |
FIREMAP
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description |
This model calculates and maps potencial fire behaviour given
a fuel map, a topographic map, and specific weather scenarios.
This model is a spatialisation of Rothermel's fire behaviour model
(Rothermel, 1972, 1983).
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software |
The calculations modules are programmed in Borland C++, and the
the graphical interface is developed in DELPHI
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operating_system |
PC. Windows95 or WindowsNT3.51 or any
other platform 100% compatible
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isumm |
The inputs to the model are maps and weather scenarios tables.
Maps:
Fuels (vegetation classified as fuel models)
Elevation (m)
Slope (%)
Aspect (deg)
Weather scenarios:
Air temperature (ºC)
Relative humidity (%)
Wind velocity (Km/h)
Wind direction (compass)
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ispecfile |
Digital raster maps
Table with weather conditions
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iexpspecfile |
Maps (raster format): binary, ASCII
Weather scenarios: ASCII
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csumm |
The constant parameters are associated with fuel models and describe
the structure and combustibility of each fuel type. There is
a set of pre-defined fuel models that can be used (NFFL USDA Forest Service).
Alternatively, new sets of parameters can be introduced for
describing non pre-defined fuel situations.
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cspecfile |
List of fuel parameters in ASCII
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cexpspecfile |
The constant files are in ASCII
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osumm |
Maps:
Fire propagation risk index
Rate of spread
Fireline intensity
Flame length
Heat per unit area
Reaction Intensity
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ospecfile |
Maps listed above
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oexpspecfile |
File formats are rasters in ASCII or binary
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copyright |
Maria Vasconcelos
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contact |
Maria José Vasconcelos, maria@cnig.pt
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ivar1 |
Altitude
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ifile1 |
elevation.img
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idescr1 |
Raster file with altitude in meters in each cell.
Idrisi or BMP files are read directly
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isensitiv1 |
Not Very Sensitive
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isensdescr1 |
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ivar2 |
Slope
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ifile2 |
slope.img
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idescr2 |
raster file
units: %
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isensitiv2 |
Sensitive
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isensdescr2 |
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ivar3 |
Aspect
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ifile3 |
aspect.img
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idescr3 |
raster file
units: degrees
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isensitiv3 |
Sensitive
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isensdescr3 |
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ivar4 |
Fuels
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ifile4 |
fuel.img
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idescr4 |
raster file
categorical
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isensitiv4 |
Very Sensitive
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isensdescr4 |
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ivar5 |
Wind direction
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ifile5 |
ascii values
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idescr5 |
possible values: N; NE, E, SE, S, SW, W, NW
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isensitiv5 |
Very Sensitive
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isensdescr5 |
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ivar6 |
Wind speed
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ifile6 |
ascii value
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idescr6 |
wind speed in km/h measured at 6m height.
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isensitiv6 |
Very Sensitive
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isensdescr6 |
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ivar7 |
Relative Humidity
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ifile7 |
ascii value
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idescr7 |
%
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isensitiv7 |
Sensitive
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isensdescr7 |
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ivar8 |
Air Temperature
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ifile8 |
ascii value
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idescr8 |
ºC
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isensitiv8 |
Sensitive
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isensdescr8 |
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ovar1 |
Fire danger index
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ofile1 |
danger.img
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odescr1 |
Map with zones of categorical fire risk (ordinal)
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ovar2 |
Rate of spread
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ofile2 |
spread.img
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odescr2 |
Fire line propagation rate in m/min
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ovar3 |
Fire line intensity
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ofile3 |
flint.img
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odescr3 |
Heat released per linear meter of the fire front.
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ovar4 |
flame length
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ofile4 |
fleng.img
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odescr4 |
measured along the flame from base to tip
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ovar5 |
Heat per unit area
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ofile5 |
heat.img
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odescr5 |
heat released per square meter of burned area
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stat_meth |
The model behind FIREMAP is Rothermel's fire behaviour model
(Rothermel 1972, 1983). This semi-empirical model quantifies
the relation between heat source and heat sink, and translates
this relation into a set of potencial fire behaviour characteristics.
Basically, the model is mechanistic with an empirical relation in the
calculation of heat source. In FIREMAP all these charcteristics
are maintained in a spatially heterogeneous environment.
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mech_meth |
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log_meth |
The final calculations of the fire risk map are totally rule-based.
The rules applied consist of thresholds published in technical reports
that are related to the difficulty of fire suppression.
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scope |
The scope of FIREMAP is fire risk estimation at regional level,
enabling the evaluation of alternative weather and fuel management scenarios.
FIREMAP assumes homogeneity of conditions within each cell and
it is limited to the prediction of surface fires.
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other |
FIREMAP calculates fire characteristics for any spatial
resolution desired. The appropriate scale of application
depends on the type of problem at hand, and is determined by
the spatial and temporal resolution of the available dataset.
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contact |
Maria Vasconcelos
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